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SILOTECHNOLOGY The seminar deals with the flow properties of bulk solids and the behaviour of bulk solids in silos. In addition, the application of the Jenike method for determining the hopper inclination to achieve mass flow and the outlet size to avoid arching or ratholing will be explained, in each case based on the measured flow properties (yield loci, time yield loci, wall yield loci). Practical examples will be shown. Together we will measure and analyse flow properties using shear testers. We look at typical problems in silo operation, e.g. funnel flow with stagnant zones, flow obstructions due to arching, segregation, flooding, or buckling of the silo wall, and present measures to avoid these problems. The design of discharge units such as belt conveyors, rotary valves, orbiting screw conveyors, vibrating hoppers, screw feeders or oscillation bar dischargers will be presented regarding the optimum silo design for avoiding funnel flow and flow obstructions. Finally, we will look at EN 1991-4. This standard is used to calculate the strength of the silo body. We will work out which pitfalls the plant planner can/should avoid achieving an economical silo concept. PNEUMATIC CONVEYING The seminar begins with an introduction to the necessary terminology, such as Solid loading ratio or Froude number. It then takes a closer look at ”the bulk material”. The bulk material properties relevant for pneumatic conveying are presented. In a live measurement, we will get to know the fluidisability and assign it to dense-phase and lean-phase conveying in connection with the Geldart diagram. Based on this knowledge, the basics of di-mensioning pneumatic conveying systems will be presented. Using a detailed calculation example, we deepen the calculation principles. The calculation results will be used to dimension a suitable pressure generator, and an overview of common pressure generators and their application limits will be pro-vided. We will draw up an energy comparison between an optimised pressure generator and the compressed air network. Furthermore, the seminar will explain the usual feeding devices in detail and, where necessary, show the corresponding design principles. We will link this with the bulk solids properties we have already learnt. In the last part of the seminar, we will look at the usual ”diseases” of pneumatic conveying systems and learn how to sys-tematically analyse and, if possible, optimise existing systems in order to save energy costs or maintenance costs or to identify potential performance improvements. Finally, we present our web tool for pneumatic conveying.

The seminar deals with the flow properties of bulk solids and the behaviour of bulk solids in silos. In addition, the application of the Jenike method for determining the hopper inclination to achieve mass flow and the outlet size to avoid arching or ratholing will be explained, in each case based on the measured flow properties (yield loci, time yield loci, wall yield loci). Practical examples will be shown. Together we will measure and analyse flow properties using shear testers. We look at typical problems in silo operation, e.g. funnel flow with stagnant zones, flow obstructions due to arching, segregation, flooding, or buckling of the silo wall, and present measures to avoid these problems. The design of discharge units such as belt conveyors, rotary valves, orbiting screw conveyors, vibrating hoppers, screw feeders or oscillation bar dischargers will be presented regarding the optimum silo design for avoiding funnel flow and flow obstructions. Finally, we will look at EN 1991-4. This standard is used to calculate the strength of the silo body. We will work out which pitfalls the plant planner can/should avoid achieving an economical silo concept.

The seminar begins with an introduction to the necessary terminology, such as Solid loading ratio or Froude number. It then takes a closer look at ”the bulk material”. The bulk material properties relevant for pneumatic conveying are presented. In a live measurement, we will get to know the fluidisability and assign it to dense-phase and lean-phase conveying in connection with the Geldart diagram. Based on this knowledge, the basics of di-mensioning pneumatic conveying systems will be presented. Using a detailed calculation example, we deepen the calculation principles. The calculation results will be used to dimension a suitable pressure generator, and an overview of common pressure generators and their application limits will be pro-vided. We will draw up an energy comparison between an optimised pressure generator and the compressed air network. Furthermore, the seminar will explain the usual feeding devices in detail and, where necessary, show the corresponding design principles. We will link this with the bulk solids properties we have already learnt. In the last part of the seminar, we will look at the usual ”diseases” of pneumatic conveying systems and learn how to sys-tematically analyse and, if possible, optimise existing systems in order to save energy costs or maintenance costs or to identify potential performance improvements. Finally, we present our web tool for pneumatic conveying.